Women’s ability to contribute to science has been devalued for centuries and in many places they were denied education. Nevertheless, they did contribute to scientific progress. Now many of the barriers have been removed but they can still face misogyny and an unwelcoming workplace.

Dr. Malcolm Cleaveland will examine some of the prime examples, such as Marie Curie (radioactive elements), Rosalind Franklin (structure of DNA) and Annie Cannon (stellar classification). Participants will see how our society has evolved, as today, women can lead NASA teams on the frontiers of science and conduct groundbreaking research.